Let's keep in mind that chess is a game that was iterated and iterated until reaching it's current state. Chess didn't fall out of somebody's brain as the game that is played today. I am sure there were versions that were much worse, and versions that thankfully introduced new pieces.
I read/am still reading a book on this (Playing the World, Jon Peterson), which is fascinating to see how it came about, and how it developed from earlier games, and developed further into primitive wargames, into the Kriegspiel of Prussia and Germanic traditions, and that's as far as I've got in that section but it does lead directly into D&D.
Incidentally, did you know that the AC and hit points system from D&D is taken from naval wargames; where ships have an armor that may deflect shots, but if it isn't deflected it will penetrate and do a certain amount of damage, and only so much can be taken before the ship sinks. You know, entirely unlike how people get hit by swords. So yeah, in D&D you're playing a particularly mobile and peculiarly shaped ship. Fun facts. [/area of my expertise]